生物质炭中典型污染物浓度及其潜在风险分析Concentrations of Typical Pollutants in Rice Straw Biochar and Their Potential Risks
韩志旺,何丽霞,张振宇,张桂香,申鹤,张泽雅,王梦瑶,孟淑晖
摘要(Abstract):
生物质炭作为土壤修复材料受到广泛关注与应用,但却忽略了其潜在的生态环境风险。本研究将水稻秸秆分别于250℃、400℃和600℃下进行高温热解制成生物质炭。通过分析生物质炭中多环芳烃(PAHs)和重/类金属浓度,评估其应用于土壤中的风险。结果表明,生物质炭中Σ16PAHs的浓度为(0.62~7.11)mg·kg~(-1), As、Cu、Cd、Cr、Mo、Ni、Pb和Zn的浓度分别为(5.55~13.92)mg·kg~(-1)、(9.35~19.15)mg·kg~(-1)、(0.08~0.27)mg·kg~(-1)、(4.22~8.12)mg·kg~(-1)、(1.33~2.79)mg·kg~(-1)、(0.64~1.17)mg·kg~(-1)、(1.64~2.93)mg·kg~(-1)和(99.65~173.51)mg·kg~(-1)。随着制备温度的提高,生物质炭中Σ16PAHs逐渐减少、重/类金属升高。另外,将400℃和250℃制备的水稻秸秆生物质炭以4%施用到土壤,导致土壤达到中度和重度PAHs污染,而施加600℃制备的水稻秸秆生物质炭后对土壤中PAHs和重金属污染的影响几乎可以忽略。
关键词(KeyWords): 生物质炭;多环芳烃;重/类金属;环境风险
基金项目(Foundation): 山西省基础研究计划项目(20210302123204);; 太原科技大学UIT项目(XJ2021056)
作者(Author): 韩志旺,何丽霞,张振宇,张桂香,申鹤,张泽雅,王梦瑶,孟淑晖
参考文献(References):
- [1] ZHANG G X,ZHAO Z H,ZHU Y E.Changes in abiotic dissipation rates and bound fractions of antibiotics in biochar-amended soil[J].J Clean Prod,2020,56:120314.
- [2] ZHANG G X,HE L X,GUO X F,et al.Mechanism of biochar as a biostimulation strategy to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from heavily contaminated soil in a coking plant[J].Geoderma,2020,375:114497.
- [3] 张军,宋萌萌,高兴.木霉用于多环芳烃污染土壤生物修复潜力研究[J].现代化工,2020,40(5):19-22.
- [4] 隋睿,刘晓娜,杨改强,等.铌酸盐负载钛酸纳米片对水中Pb(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附研究[J].太原科技大学学报,2022,43(1):82-87.
- [5] 李飞跃,吴旋,李俊锁,等.畜禽粪便生物炭固碳量、养分量的估算及田间施用潜在风险预测[J].农业环境科学学报,2019,38(9):2202-2209.
- [6] 陈黎,孔祥生,刘秋新,等.抗生素菌渣生物炭的制备及特性[J].环境科学与技术,2019,42(6):128-133.
- [7] 杨达,高抒,李家彪,等.潮滩环境沉积物吸附多环芳烃的粒径因素影响[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2021,41(3):54-61.
- [8] GUO X F,HAN W,ZHANG G X,et al.Effect of inorganic and organic amendments on maize biomass,heavy metals uptake and their availability in calcareous and acidic washed soil[J].Environmental Technology & Innovation,2020,19:101038.
- [9] US E P A.Biosolids applied to land:advancing standards and practices[R].Washington DC:U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,National Research Council,2002.
- [10] EC.Proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on spreading of sludge on land[R].Brussels:European Communities,2003.
- [11] Hale S E,Lehmann J,Rutherford D,et al.Quantifying the total and bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dioxins in biochars[J].Environ Sci Technol,2012,46:2830-22838.
- [12] 洪雅敏,张亚平,陈振焱,等.生物炭中多环芳烃的含量水平和应用风险研究综述[J].环境化学,2021,40(8):2378-2387.
- [13] WANG C Y,WANG Y D,HERATH H M S K.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in biochar-Their formation,occurrence and analysis:A review[J].Org Geochem,2017,114:1-11.
- [14] ZHANG G X,ZHANG Q,SUN K,et al.Sorption of simazine to corn straw biochars prepared at different pyrolytic temperatures[J].Environ Pollut,2011,159(10):2594-2601.
- [15] 汪伟薇,孙毓鑫,徐向荣.西沙永兴岛土壤中多环芳烃的分布特征及来源[J].生态科学,2021,40(5):1-7.
- [16] 杨继刚,石圣杰,赵平平,等.蚕沙钝化修复复合重(类)金属污染土壤的效果及对小白菜生长的影响[J].福建农林大学学报:自然科学版,2021,50(6):832-838.
- [17] 曹雪琴,万军伟,陈雯,等.土壤元素背景值的研究—以南方某区域为例[J].安全与环境工程,2009,16(2):27-32.
- [18] 刘江生,王仁卿,戴九兰,等.山东省黄河故道区域土壤环境背景值研究[J].环境科学,2008,29(6):1699-1704.
- [19] GB 15618-2018.土壤质量环境农用地土壤污染风险管控标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2018.
- [20] HE L Z,ZHONG H,LIU G X,et al.Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils by biochar:Mechanisms,potential risks and applications in China[J].Environ Pollut,2019,252:846-855.
- [21] MALISZEWSKA-KORDYBACH B.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural soils in Polan:Preliminary proposals for criteria to evaluate the level of soil contamination[J].Appl Geochemistry,1996,11(1-2):121-127.